Introduction To Computers.

Topic: Introduction to Computers

✨ Learning Objectives

By the end of this topic, the learner should be able to:

1. Define a computer and explain its basic characteristics.
2. Identify the main components of a computer system (hardware and software).
3. Describe the types of computers and their uses in various fields.
4. Explain how a computer works using the Input–Process–Output (IPO) cycle.
5. Differentiate between data and information.
6. Identify different computer input, output, and storage devices.
7. Explain basic computer software categories, including system software and application software.
8. State the advantages and limitations of using computers.
9. Apply basic computer terms correctly in real-life situations.
10. Demonstrate understanding of emerging computer technologies.

📚 Summary of Key Concepts

1. Definition of a Computer

• An electronic device that accepts data, processes data, stores data, and produces information.

2. Characteristics of a Computer

• Speed
• Accuracy
• Storage capacity
• Automation
• Reliability
• Versatility
• Diligence

3. Types of Computers

• By Size: Supercomputers, Mainframe, Minicomputers, Microcomputers
• By Purpose: General-purpose and Special-purpose
• By Data Processing: Analog, Digital, Hybrid

4. Basic Components of a Computer System

A. Hardware

• Input devices: keyboard, mouse, scanner
• Output devices: monitor, printer, speakers
• Storage devices: hard disk, flash drive, memory card
• Processing unit: CPU (Control Unit + ALU)

B. Software

• System software: Operating systems (Windows, Linux), utility programs
• Application software: MS Word, Excel, browsers, accounting software

5. Data vs Information

• Data: Raw facts and figures.
• Information: Processed data that is meaningful and useful.

6. Computer Operation – IPO Cycle

• Input: Entering data
• Process: Manipulation of data by the CPU
• Output: Results displayed or printed
• Storage: Saving data for future use

7. Advantages of Computers

• High speed
• Accuracy
• Efficient storage
• Multitasking
• Connectivity and communication

8. Limitations of Computers

• No intelligence
• Dependence on electricity
• Requires human instruction
• Can cause unemployment and over-reliance

9. Emerging Trends in Computing

• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Cloud computing
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• Robotics
• Mobile computing
• Virtualization