TOPIC: SYSTEM UNIT

✅ Summary of Key Concepts in the System Unit

1. Definition of the System Unit

   • The system unit is the main body of a computer that houses the critical components used to process data.

   • It is also called the computer case, chassis, or tower.

2. Main Components Inside the System Unit

   • Motherboard – the main circuit board holding essential components and providing connection pathways.

   • Central Processing Unit (CPU) – the “brain” of the computer that performs instructions and calculations.

   • Memory (RAM) – temporary storage for data and programs currently in use.

   • Power Supply Unit (PSU) – converts AC power to DC and distributes it to internal components.

   • Storage Devices – Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) or Solid-State Drives (SSDs) for long-term data storage.

   • Expansion Cards – e.g., graphics cards, sound cards, network interface cards.

   • Cooling System – fans, heat sinks, or liquid cooling to prevent overheating.

   • BIOS/UEFI Chip – firmware that initializes hardware during booting.

3. Ports and Interfaces

   • External connectors such as USB, HDMI, Ethernet, Audio ports.

   • Used for connecting peripherals like keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer, etc.

4. Functions of the System Unit

   • Houses and protects hardware components.

   • Performs data processing and storage.

   • Provides interfaces for input/output devices.

   • Enables communication between internal components.

5. Types of System Units

   • Desktop tower

   • Small form factor units

   • All-in-one systems

   • Rack-mount servers

   • Portable system units in laptops/tablets (integrated design)

6. Common Problems in System Units

   • Overheating

   • Power supply failures

   • Dust accumulation

   • Faulty motherboard or RAM

   • Loose cables or improperly seated components

✅ Learning Objectives for the Topic “System Unit”

By the end of this topic, a learner should be able to:

1. Define the system unit and explain its purpose in a computer system.

2. Identify and describe the major internal components of the system unit.

3. Explain the function of the motherboard, CPU, RAM, storage devices, PSU, and expansion cards.

4. Differentiate between types of system units (desktop, all-in-one, laptop-based units).

5. Describe the role of ports and connectors in facilitating communication with peripherals.

6. Illustrate how data flows between components inside the system unit.

7. Demonstrate basic safety procedures when handling or opening a system unit.

8. Troubleshoot common hardware problems related to the system unit.

9. Explain the importance of cooling and proper ventilation in maintaining system performance.

10. Recognize the differences between HDD and SSD technologies and their storage characteristics.